Tag: Keck

Keck Lecture Reminder

Join us for an astronomy talk tonight at the Kahilu Theater in Waimea…

First Light in the Universe: The End of the Cosmic Dark Ages
Dr. Michael Bolte from UC Santa Cruz
7:00pm, June 19th 2014
Kahilu Theater, Waimea
Free and open to the public

In the first several hundred million years after the Big Bang, the Universe was too hot for stars and galaxies to form. As the Universe cooled and its expansion slowed, gravity caused the first stars to collapse and re-light the Universe. Most theories suggest these first stars were unusual super-massive objects that evolved quickly and ended their lives in gigantic explosions. In this talk, Dr. Michael Bolte from UC Santa Cruz will discuss observations from Keck Observatory that identify the physical properties of the first stars based on the chemical elements they produced as they ended their lives.

Keck Lecture – First Light in the Universe

Join us for an astronomy talk on June 19 at the Kahilu Theater in Waimea…

First Light in the Universe: The End of the Cosmic Dark Ages
Dr. Michael Bolte from UC Santa Cruz
7:00pm, June 19th 2014
Kahilu Theater, Waimea
Free and open to the public

In the first several hundred million years after the Big Bang, the Universe was too hot for stars and galaxies to form. As the Universe cooled and its expansion slowed, gravity caused the first stars to collapse and re-light the Universe. Most theories suggest these first stars were unusual super-massive objects that evolved quickly and ended their lives in gigantic explosions. In this talk, Dr. Michael Bolte from UC Santa Cruz will discuss observations from Keck Observatory that identify the physical properties of the first stars based on the chemical elements they produced as they ended their lives.

Testing TBAD

TBAD is our Transponder Based Aircraft Detector, used to avoid illuminating an aircraft with the AO laser. A specially designed receiver that uses an antenna at the front of each telescope to detect the TCAS anti-collision transponder that is carried by all commercial and most civil aircraft.

Keck 2 Lasing
The Keck 2 AO laser works the northern sky
The odds of our painting an aircraft with the laser is astonishingly small. There is very little air traffic over the summit, those aircraft taking off and landing on the island have descended to well below 14,000ft before approaching. It is also a very large sky in which an aircraft is a very small target. Even if we managed, somehow, to paint the aircraft, the effects would be minor to unnoticed. Essentially the same as shining a bright light on the bottom of the plane. I have stood in the high power beam, strong sunlight feels much warmer.

Still, we are mandated to avoid the situation and to put in place measures to avoid such an occurrence. Before TBAD this involved hiring guys to sit outside and watch the skies for aircraft. I have done this, it can be pretty on a clear night with calm weather. It can be brutal on a cold and windy night. Even when taking precautions such as rotating two spotters every hour or two there is always the question of human fallibility under adverse conditions. Using an automated system like TBAD is far preferable.

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Ancient Worlds from Another Galaxy Discovered Next Door

W. M. Keck Observatory press release…

An international team of scientists, led by astronomers at Queen Mary University of London, report of two new planets orbiting Kapteyn’s star, one of the oldest stars found near the Sun. One of the newly-discovered planets could be ripe for life as it orbits at the right distance to the star to allow liquid water on its surface. The paper is being published by the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society on June 4.

Kapteyn's Star
Kapteyn’s star and its planets likely come from a dwarf galaxy now merged with the Milky way. Bottom right panel shows characteristic streams of stars resulting from such a galactic merging event. Credit: Victor Robles, James Bullock and Miguel Rocha Univ Of Ca/UCI, Joel Primack/UCSC
Dutch astronomer Jacobus Kapteyn discovered the star at the end of the 19th century. It is the second fastest moving star in the sky and belongs to the galactic halo, an extended cloud of stars orbiting our galaxy. With a third of the mass of the sun, this red-dwarf can be seen in the southern constellation of Pictor with an amateur telescope.

The astronomers used new data from the 3.6 meter La Silla Observatory in Chile to measure tiny periodic changes in the motion of the star, and followed up with two more high-precision spectrometers to secure the detection: W. M. Keck Observatory’s HIRES instrument installed on the 10-meter Keck I telescope on the summit of Mauna Kea, and PFS at the 6.5 meter Las Campanas Observatory in Chile.

Using the Doppler Effect, which shifts the star’s light spectrum depending on its velocity, the scientists can work out some properties of these planets, such as their masses and periods of orbit.

Continue reading “Ancient Worlds from Another Galaxy Discovered Next Door”