What is safe?

STC-1000 Temperature Controller
STC-1000 Temperature Controller

Designing and building equipment for aquaculture means I use controllers. Quite a few controllers, dozens upon dozens of them, little boxes meant to keep some parameter in range. Temperature, pH, water level, whatever, a little box with a display, a few buttons, and a relay in the back to turn something on when needed to control the outcome.

Industrial suppliers will sell you a controller for just about anything, there are catalogs full of them, from inexpensive to thousands of dollars you can buy the solution to your needs. Buy one, wire it in, adjust a few setpoints and you have everything under control.

Enter the STC-1000, a little cheap temperature controller found on eBay, Amazon, everywhere. It comes in a bunch of different versions, need readout in Farenheight or Centigrade? No problem. I have no idea who makes it, some asian factory somewhere. It is available in a hundred different brand names from hundreds of different sellers for somewhere between $12 and $25, all absolutely identical as far I as can tell.

The STC-1000 is cheap. Cheap enough that I am somewhat suspect of their reliability. I do not buy them for production line bioreactors and grow tanks, places where I cannot trust a cheap controller with a few thousand dollars worth of product. For critical uses I buy full industrial rated temperature controllers from a reputable supplier for around $100 each.

But for experimental setups? Temporary research hacks built with more limited budgets? There are a couple dozen of these STC-1000 controllers around the place. They are easy to use with simple configurations, seem to be accurate holding calibration, and I have not had one fail yet.

So how do you sell a device like this for about $15?

Time for a little deconstructive analysis…

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Padding the Bottom Line

A number of recent trends in our commercial systems have created absurd results. Supply train disruptions, inflation, or in many cases corporate greed have distorted pricing in just about every sector of the economy. We are awash in examples of oddly high prices, shrinkflation, or outright price gouging.

A small sub-panel with several AFI/GFCI breakers
A small sub-panel with several AFI/GFCI breakers

In my role of head engineer/maintenance supervisor for a small company I get to see these price increases first hand. I do much of the purchasing, from screws and valves, to large industrial transformers. I have also been on the other side of the fence, in manufacturing, and have a good idea of the real costs of things, what plastic and electronic bits and bobs cost to make at the factory.

We have seen a lot of price increases as of late, and much of that is to be expected… Inflation, increased labor costs, and just plain shortages in a world that is must less stable than a few years ago. But some price increases seem more than a bit out of line with all of that.

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The Start

I somehow always miss the very start of the eruption.

A massive lava fountain during episode 23 on May 25, 2025
A massive lava fountain during episode 23 on May 25, 2025

For episode 9 I was just a couple miles away in another part of the park when the eruption broke out.

For episode 15 I had been on the rim for hours waiting for the expected start when I finally gave up and went to grab breakfast. The eruption started while I was waiting for my omlette at the Crater Rim Cafe.

This time I saw it.

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Treasured Tools

I find I have a number of tools about that have a name on them, a name that is not mine.

A treasured tool in my toolbox, a hacksaw that once belonged to Robert Goff
A treasured tool in my toolbox, a hacksaw that once belonged to Robert Goff

No, I did not steal them!!

A couple of these names belong to people I once knew, guys that are no longer here to argue about ownership of these tools.

Yes, I have tools with the names of dead guys.

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Betwixt the Realms

For all of the many times I have done it, I have never gotten tired of typing a command, or clicking a button on a screen, and watching something happen in the real world.

GenPIC Processor
The microprocessor on a GenPIC PCB assembly

An LED turning on, the click of a relay, or even a motor beginning to spin… These represent a moment when the seemingly ethereal digital realm of our computers interact with the physical domain.

I have spent my entire career dealing in the interface between the ethereal and the physical, working where the two meet. Turning sensor readings into digital, and then turning the digital into actions in the everyday world. I played with this interface as a teenager, learning the basics. My wisely chosen college degree was tailored to this task, an electrical engineering degree with a heavy dose of computer science. Professionally I have dealt with microcontrollers, high performance analog to digital systems, and programmable logic controllers, all straddling the boundary line from digital to physical.

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Drone versus ʻIo

This bird did not like the drone.

I have flown around big birds before. Bald eagles, ravens, seagulls, other hawks… few had taken more that a moments notice of the drone. This attack surprised me, I did not even see the hawk coming, and it came in hard.

An iʻo or Hawaiian hawk takes exception to my drone in the forest near Kalamanu
An ʻio or Hawaiian hawk takes exception to my drone in the forest near Kalamanu

I was on the return leg of an exploration into the ʻōhia forest behind Puʻuwaʻawaʻa and having a little fun with the drone. Simple plan… Set the drone to hover and then bike past through the camera view.

I had left the drone to hover for the moment as I moved to the next spot, when I look up to see a flash of white slashing at the drone. It hits and the drone staggers in the air before recovering.

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